Computer Generation

 There are five generations of computer: 

  • First generation– 1946 - 1958 
  • Second generation– 1959 - 1964 
  • Third generation– 1965 - 1970 
  • Fourth generation– 1971 - today 
  • Fifth generation– Today to future
The First Generation  

  • The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. 
  • They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
The Second Generation  
  • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. 
  • One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.   
  • Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. 
  • Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer.
The Third Generation 
  • The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. 
  • Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. 
  • Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second generation computers. 
  • It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
The Fourth Generation 
  • The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. 
  • As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. 
  • Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
The Fifth Generation  
  • Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
  •  Still in development. 
  • The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. 
  • The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. 
  • There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.  

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