Computer Generation

 There are five generations of computer: 

  • First generation– 1946 - 1958 
  • Second generation– 1959 - 1964 
  • Third generation– 1965 - 1970 
  • Fourth generation– 1971 - today 
  • Fifth generation– Today to future
The First Generation  

  • The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. 
  • They were very expensive to operate and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions.
The Second Generation  
  • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. 
  • One transistor replaced the equivalent of 40 vacuum tubes.   
  • Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. 
  • Still generated a great deal of heat that can damage the computer.
The Third Generation 
  • The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. 
  • Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. 
  • Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second generation computers. 
  • It could carry out instructions in billionths of a second.
The Fourth Generation 
  • The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. 
  • As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the Internet. 
  • Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices.
The Fifth Generation  
  • Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI).
  •  Still in development. 
  • The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. 
  • The goal is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. 
  • There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today.  

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

History of Computer

Image
  History of Computer Topics  Definition of computer  Earliest computer  Computer History  Computer Generations Definition of Computer  Computer is a programmable machine.  Computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions.  Computer is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations.  Definition of Computer Three principles characteristic of computer:  It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.  It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions.  It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.  Earliest Computer  Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was computers.  These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a mathematical expression.  The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics.  T...
Read more

Introduction to Computer

Image
Computers are electronic devices that are designed to process, store, and retrieve data. They are used for a wide variety of purposes, from personal computing to complex scientific simulations and industrial automation. A computer consists of various hardware components, including a central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input/output (I/O) devices such as keyboards, mice, and displays, and various other peripherals. Computers communicate with each other over networks, which are interconnected groups of computers that share resources and information. The internet is a global network that connects millions of computers around the world and enables communication and information sharing on an unprecedented scale. The field of computer science is concerned with the study of computers and computational systems, including their design, development, and application. It encompasses many subfields, including artificial intelligence, computer graphics, databases, programming lang...
Read more