Linux Directory Structure

Linux Directory Structure:

The Linux directory structure is organized as a hierarchical tree-like structure, starting from the root directory ("/") and branching out to various subdirectories. Here is a brief overview of some of the most important directories:

  • /bin: This directory contains essential executable files that are required to boot the system and run basic commands.
  • /boot: This directory contains the kernel, bootloader, and other files necessary for booting the system.
  • /dev: This directory contains device files for hardware components attached to the system.
  • /etc: This directory contains system configuration files, including startup scripts, network configuration, user account information, and more.
  • /home: This directory contains the home directories for all users on the system.
  • /lib: This directory contains shared library files used by various programs on the system.
  • /mnt: This directory is used to mount external file systems.
  • /opt: This directory is used for optional software packages.
  • /proc: This directory contains system process information and other kernel-related information.
  • /root: This directory is the home directory for the root user.
  • /sbin: This directory contains system administration binaries.
  • /tmp: This directory contains temporary files used by various programs.
  • /usr: This directory contains all user-related programs and data, including documentation, libraries, binaries, etc.
  • /var: This directory contains variable data files, such as log files, spool files, and temporary files.

Note that this is not an exhaustive list, and there may be additional directories or subdirectories depending on the specific Linux distribution being used.


Linux डायरेक्टरी संरचना एक हाइरार्कल वृक्ष जैसी होती है, जो रूट डायरेक्टरी ("/") से शुरू होती है और विभिन्न सबडायरेक्टरीज़ में शाखाएं फैलाती है। यहाँ कुछ महत्वपूर्ण डायरेक्टरीज़ का संक्षिप्त अवलोकन है:

  • /bin: इस डायरेक्टरी में आवश्यक एक्जीक्यूटेबल फ़ाइलें होती हैं जो सिस्टम को बूट करने और बेसिक कमांड चलाने के लिए आवश्यक होती हैं।
  • /boot: इस डायरेक्टरी में कर्नल, बूटलोडर और अन्य फ़ाइलें होती हैं जो सिस्टम को बूट करने के लिए आवश्यक होती हैं।
  • /dev: इस डायरेक्टरी में सिस्टम पर लगी हुई हार्डवेयर के लिए डिवाइस फ़ाइलें होती हैं।
  • /etc: इस डायरेक्टरी में सिस्टम कॉन्फ़िगरेशन फ़ाइलें होती हैं, जिसमें स्टार्टअप स्क्रिप्ट, नेटवर्क कॉन्फ़िगरेशन, यूजर अकाउंट जानकारी और अन्य शामिल होती हैं।
  • /home: इस डायरेक्टरी में सभी उपयोगकर्ताओं के होम डायरेक्टरी होती है।
  • /lib: इस डायरेक्ट रक्षित पुस्तकालय फ़ाइलें शामिल होती हैं जिन्हें विभिन्न कार्यक्रमों में उपयोग किया जाता है।
  • /mnt: इस डायरेक्टरी का उपयोग बाहरी फाइल सिस्टमों को माउंट करने के लिए किया जाता है।
  • /opt: इस डायरेक्टरी का उपयोग वैकल्पिक सॉफ्टवेयर पैकेज के लिए किया जाता है।
  • /proc: इस डायरेक्टरी में सिस्टम प्रक्रिया जानकारी और अन्य कर्नल संबंधित जानकारी होती है।
  • /root: इस डायरेक्टरी में रूट उपयोगकर्ता के लिए होम डायरेक्टरी होती है।
  • /sbin: इस डायरेक्टरी में सिस्टम प्रशासन बाइनरी होते हैं।
  • /tmp: इस डायरेक्टरी में विभिन्न कार्यक्रमों द्वारा उपयोग की जाने वाली अस्थायी फ़ाइलें होती हैं।
  • /usr: इस डायरेक्टरी में सभी उपयोगकर्ता संबंधित कार्यक्रम और डेटा होता है, जिसमें दस्तावेज़, लाइब्रेरी, बाइनरी आदि शामिल होते हैं।

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