C++ Data Types

C++ Data Types
  1.  In C++, data types are declarations for variables. This determines the type and size of data associated with variables. For example. int age=13;
  2. Here, age is a variable of type int. Meaning, the variable can only store integers of either 2 or 4 bytes.
C++ Fundamental Data Types

Data Type        Meaning                            Size (in Bytes)
int                    Integer                                2 or 4
float                 Floating-point                    4
double              Double Floating Point       8
char                  Character                           1
wchar_t            Wide Character                  2
bool                  Boolean                             1
void                  Empty                                0

C++ int
  • The int keyword is used to indicate integers.
  • Its size is usually 4 bytes. Meaning, it can store values from -2147483648 to 2147483647.
  • int salary = 85000;
C++ float and double
  • float and double are used to store floating-point numbers (decimals and exponentials).
  • The size of float is 4 bytes and the size of double is 8 bytes. Hence, double has two times the precision of float. To learn more, visit C++ float and double. 
  • float area = 64.74;
  • double volume = 134.64354;
C++ Char
  • Keyword char is used for characters.
  • Its size is 1 byte.
  • Characters in C++ are enclosed inside single quotes ' '.
  • char test = 'h';
C++ wchar_t
  • Wide character wchar_t is similar to the char data type, except its size is 2 bytes instead of 1.
  • It is used to represent characters that require more memory to represent them than a single char.
  • wchar_t test = L'ם'
C++ Bool
  • The bool data type has one of two possible values: true or false.
  • Booleans are used in conditional statements and loops (which we will learn in later chapters).
  • bool cond = false;
C++ Void
  • The void keyword indicates an absence of data. It means "nothing" or "no value".
  • We will use void when we learn about functions and pointers.
C++ Types of Modifiers
  1. We can further modify some of the fundamental data types by using type modifiers. There are 4 type modifiers in C++. They are:
    1. signed
    2. unsigned
    3. short
    4. long
  2. We can modify the following data types with the above modifiers:
    1. int 
    2. double
    3. char
long b = 4523232;
long int c = 2345342;
long double d = 233434.56343;
short d = 3434233; // Error! out of range
unsigned int a = -5;    // Error! can only store positive numbers or 0

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