Computer Fundamental Practical's

 

1. Basic Windows Navigation

Objective: Learn to navigate the Windows interface.

  1. Access Start Menu:

    • Click the Start button (Windows icon) on the taskbar or press the Windows key on the keyboard.

  2. Open an Application:

    • From the Start menu, type the name of an app (e.g., "Notepad") and press Enter.

  3. Switch Between Applications:

    • Use Alt + Tab to switch between open applications.
    • Hold down Alt and press Tab to preview running applications.

  4. Search for Files or Settings:

    • Press Windows + S to open the search bar.
    • Type keywords (e.g., "Control Panel" or a file name).

2. File Management in Windows Explorer

Objective: Learn to create, copy, move, and delete files or folders.

  1. Open File Explorer:

    • Press Windows + E or click the File Explorer icon on the taskbar.

  2. Create a Folder:

    • Navigate to a drive (e.g., C: or Desktop).
    • Right-click, choose New → Folder, and name it.

  3. Copy and Move Files:

    • Select a file, press Ctrl + C (Copy) or Ctrl + X (Cut).
    • Navigate to the destination folder, then press Ctrl + V (Paste).

  4. Rename a File or Folder:

    • Right-click the item, select Rename, and type the new name.
    • Alternatively, select the file and press F2.

  5. Delete a File or Folder:

    • Select the item and press Delete, or right-click and choose Delete.
    • Confirm the deletion if prompted.

3. Task Manager Basics

Objective: Monitor and manage running processes.

  1. Open Task Manager:

    • Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc or Ctrl + Alt + Delete and select Task Manager.

  2. View Active Processes:

    • Go to the Processes tab to see running applications and background tasks.

  3. End a Task:

    • Select a process and click End Task to close it forcefully.

  4. Check System Performance:

    • Click the Performance tab to monitor CPU, memory, disk, and network usage.

4. Control Panel and Settings

Objective: Configure system settings.

  1. Open Control Panel:

    • Press Windows + R, type control, and press Enter.

  2. Change Display Settings:

    • Go to Appearance and Personalization → Display.
    • Adjust resolution or scale.

  3. Add or Remove Programs:

    • Navigate to Programs → Programs and Features.
    • Select a program to uninstall.

  4. Access Windows Settings:

    • Press Windows + I to open Settings.

5. Network Configuration

Objective: Set up and manage network connections.

  1. Connect to Wi-Fi:

    • Click the network icon in the taskbar.
    • Select a network and click Connect. Enter the password if prompted.

  2. View Network Details:

    • Go to Control Panel → Network and Sharing Center.
    • Click on your active connection to see details.

  3. Enable/Disable Airplane Mode:

    • Press Windows + A to open Action Center.
    • Click the Airplane Mode toggle.

6. Create a User Account

Objective: Add a new user account.

  1. Open User Account Settings:

    • Go to Control Panel → User Accounts → Manage another account.

  2. Create a New Account:

    • Select Add a new user in PC settings.
    • Choose Add someone else to this PC.
    • Follow the prompts to create a local or Microsoft account.

7. Disk Management

Objective: Partition and manage drives.

  1. Open Disk Management:

    • Press Windows + X and select Disk Management.

  2. Create a New Partition:

    • Right-click on unallocated space and select New Simple Volume.
    • Follow the wizard to assign a letter and format.

  3. Format a Drive:

    • Right-click a partition and choose Format.
    • Specify the file system (e.g., NTFS) and click OK.

8. Backup and Restore

Objective: Backup files and restore them.

  1. Set Up File History Backup:

    • Go to Settings → Update & Security → Backup.
    • Connect an external drive and turn on File History.

  2. Restore Files:

    • Click Restore your files with File History under the Backup settings.
    • Select files to restore and choose Restore.

9. Command Prompt Basics

Objective: Perform basic tasks using Command Prompt.

  1. Open Command Prompt:

    • Press Windows + R, type cmd, and press Enter.

  2. Check IP Address:

    • Type ipconfig and press Enter.

  3. Create a Folder:

    • Navigate to a drive (e.g., cd C:\) and type mkdir NewFolder.

  4. Delete a Folder:

    • Use rmdir /s FolderName.

  5. List Files in a Directory:

    • Use dir to list all files and folders.

10. Windows Updates

Objective: Keep Windows updated.

  1. Check for Updates:

    • Go to Settings → Update & Security → Windows Update.
    • Click Check for updates.

  2. Install Updates:

    • If updates are available, click Download and install.

11. Create and Manage Shortcuts

Objective: Create shortcuts for files or apps.

  1. Create a Shortcut:

    • Right-click a file or folder, select Create shortcut.
    • Drag the shortcut to the desired location (e.g., Desktop).

  2. Pin an App to the Taskbar:

    • Right-click an app and select Pin to taskbar.

12. Security and Antivirus

Objective: Manage security settings.

  1. Run Windows Defender:

    • Go to Settings → Update & Security → Windows Security.
    • Open Virus & threat protection and click Quick scan.

  2. Firewall Settings:

    • Open Control Panel → Windows Defender Firewall.
    • Click Turn Windows Defender Firewall on or off to adjust settings.

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