Resistors, Capacitors, Coils, Diodes, Transistors.

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1. Resistor (प्रतिरोधक)

Definition:

A resistor opposes (resists) the flow of electric current in a circuit.

Symbol: zig-zag line or rectangle

Unit: Ohm (Ω)

Functions:

  • Limits current

  • Reduces voltage

  • Protects components

  • Used in LED circuits, voltage dividers, etc.

Example:

Fan speed regulator, LED resistor

2. Capacitor (संधारित्र)

Definition:

A capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field.

Symbol: Two parallel plates

Unit: Farad (F)

Functions:

  • Stores and releases charge

  • Smooths power supply (filters)

  • Used in timing circuits

  • Removes noise

  • Used in fan (motor start capacitor)

Example:

Fan capacitor, camera flash, SMPS power supply

3. Coil / Inductor (कुंडली / इंडक्टर)

Definition:

A coil (inductor) stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through it.

Unit: Henry (H)

Functions:

  • Blocks AC, allows DC

  • Used in transformers

  • Noise filtering

  • Boost converters (voltage conversion)

Example:

Transformers, motors, chokes

4. Diode (डायोड)

Definition:

A diode allows electric current to flow in only one direction.

Symbol: Triangle pointing to a line

Types:

  • LED (Light Emitting Diode)

  • Zener Diode

  • Rectifier Diode

  • Schottky Diode

Functions:

  • Rectification (AC ➝ DC conversion)

  • Protection from reverse current

  • Voltage regulation (Zener)

  • Light emission (LEDs)

Example:

Chargers, power supplies, LED lights

5. Transistor (ट्रांजिस्टर)

Definition:

A transistor is a semiconductor device used for switching and amplification.

Types:

  • BJT (NPN, PNP)

  • MOSFET

  • JFET

Functions:

  • Acts as an electronic switch

  • Amplifies signals (audio, radio)

  • Controls large current using small current

  • Used in processors, power circuits

Example:

Mobile processors, amplifiers, power supply circuits

Quick Difference Summary

ComponentFunction
ResistorLimits current
CapacitorStores electrical charge
Inductor (Coil)Stores magnetic energy
DiodeAllows one-way current flow
TransistorSwitches or amplifies signals

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