System Software

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⭐ What is System Software?

System Software is a type of computer software that manages and controls the hardware components of a computer.
It works between hardware and user and helps application software run properly.

👉 It runs in the background
👉 It controls the whole computer
👉 Without system software, a computer cannot work

Examples: Operating System, Device Drivers, Utility Programs, Firmware, BIOS

⭐ Types of System Software

System software mainly includes the following types:

🔶 1. Operating System (OS)

The most important system software.
It manages hardware, memory, CPU, files, and applications.

✔ Functions of Operating System

  • Booting the computer

  • Managing files & folders

  • Managing memory (RAM)

  • Managing input/output devices

  • Running applications

  • Ensuring security

✔ Examples

  • Windows (10, 11)

  • Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora)

  • macOS

  • Android

  • iOS

🔶 2. Device Drivers

Drivers are programs that help the operating system communicate with hardware devices.

Without drivers, devices will not work correctly.

✔ Examples

  • Printer driver

  • Graphics card driver

  • Sound card driver

  • Keyboard & Mouse drivers

  • Network driver (Wi-Fi driver)

🔶 3. Utility Software

Utility software helps in the maintenance and smooth functioning of the computer.

✔ Examples

  • Antivirus

  • Disk Cleanup

  • File Compression (WinRAR, ZIP)

  • Backup tools

  • Disk Defragmenter

  • Firewall

✔ Functions

  • Protecting from viruses

  • Organizing files

  • Improving system performance

  • Backing up data

🔶 4. Firmware

Firmware is permanent software stored inside hardware devices.
It gives basic instructions to operate the device.

✔ Examples

  • BIOS in computer

  • Firmware in Mobile

  • Firmware in Router

  • Firmware in Keyboard/Mouse

🔶 5. BIOS (Basic Input Output System)

  • Stored in ROM

  • Starts the computer during booting

  • Checks hardware before loading OS

  • Known as system startup software

🔶 6. Language Translators (System Programs)

These convert programming code into machine language.

Types:

  • Compiler – Converts whole program at once

  • Interpreter – Converts line-by-line

  • Assembler – Converts assembly code to machine code

⭐ Features of System Software

  • Fast and efficient

  • Works automatically

  • Closer to hardware

  • Difficult to design

  • Runs continuously

  • Provides platform for application software

⭐ Difference Between System Software and Application Software

System SoftwareApplication Software
Controls hardware & systemHelps users perform tasks
Runs in backgroundRuns when user needs
Mandatory for systemOptional
Examples: OS, DriversExamples: Word, Chrome

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