Network Devices

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🌐 Network Devices

Network devices connect, control, and secure communication between computers and networks.

🛜 1️⃣ Router

👉 A router connects different networks together.

Main Work:

  • Routes data between LAN and Internet

  • Assigns IP addresses (DHCP)

  • NAT (Private → Public IP)

  • Internet sharing

Used At:

  • Home networks

  • Offices

  • ISPs

Example:
WiFi Router

🔀 2️⃣ Switch

👉 A switch connects devices inside a LAN.

Main Work:

  • Uses MAC address

  • Sends data only to correct device

  • Faster than hub

Used At:

  • Office LAN

  • Computer labs

Layers:

  • Layer 2 (MAC based)

  • Layer 3 (IP based)

🔥 3️⃣ Firewall

👉 A firewall protects the network from attacks.

Main Work:

  • Allows or blocks traffic

  • Security rules

  • Prevents hacking

  • Filters packets

Types:

  • Hardware firewall

  • Software firewall

  • Network firewall

Example:
Windows Defender Firewall

🔹 Difference Between Router, Switch & Firewall

DeviceWorkLayerUse
RouterConnect networksLayer 3Internet access
SwitchConnect devicesLayer 2LAN communication
FirewallSecurityLayer 3/4/7Protection

🔹 Simple Example

  • Switch → Connects PCs in office

  • Router → Connects office to internet

  • Firewall → Protects office network

🔹 Short Notes for Exams

  • Router routes data using IP.

  • Switch uses MAC address.

  • Firewall blocks unauthorized access.

  • Router connects LAN to WAN.

  • Switch works inside LAN.

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