Network Topologies & Cable Types

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🌐 Network Topologies & Cable Types

🔹 What is Network Topology?

👉 Network Topology is the layout or structure of a network — how computers and devices are connected.

🧩 Types of Network Topologies

⭐ 1️⃣ Bus Topology

👉 All devices connected to a single cable (backbone).

Features:

  • Low cost

  • Easy to install

  • Slow if many devices

Disadvantage:

  • If main cable fails, whole network fails

⭐ 2️⃣ Star Topology

👉 All devices connect to a central device (switch/hub).

Features:

  • Easy troubleshooting

  • High performance

  • Most popular

Disadvantage:

  • If switch fails, network down

⭐ 3️⃣ Ring Topology

👉 Devices connected in circular form.

Features:

  • Equal access

  • Data flows in one direction

Disadvantage:

  • One break stops network

⭐ 4️⃣ Mesh Topology

👉 Every device connects to every other device.

Features:

  • Very reliable

  • High security

Disadvantage:

  • Expensive

  • Complex

⭐ 5️⃣ Tree Topology

👉 Combination of star + bus.

Features:

  • Scalable

  • Structured

⭐ 6️⃣ Hybrid Topology

👉 Combination of two or more topologies.

Example:
Star + Ring

🔌 Cable Types in Networking

🧵 1️⃣ Twisted Pair Cable

👉 Most used cable.

Types:

  • UTP (Unshielded)

  • STP (Shielded)

Categories:

  • Cat5

  • Cat6

  • Cat7

Use:
LAN networks

🔵 2️⃣ Coaxial Cable

👉 Thick cable.

Use:

  • TV networks

  • Older LAN

Features:

  • Better noise resistance

✨ 3️⃣ Fiber Optic Cable

👉 Uses light signal.

Types:

  • Single Mode

  • Multi Mode

Features:

  • Very fast

  • Long distance

  • Secure

Use:
Internet backbone

🔹 Comparison Table (Cables)

CableSpeedDistanceCost
Twisted PairMediumShortLow
CoaxialMediumMediumMedium
Fiber OpticVery HighLongHigh

🔹 Short Notes (Exam Ready)

  • Topology means network structure.

  • Star topology is most popular.

  • Mesh is most secure.

  • Fiber is fastest cable.

  • UTP is commonly used.

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