Networking Basics

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🌐 Networking Basics

🔹 What is Networking?

Networking means connecting two or more computers/devices to share data, resources, and internet.

🔹 Types of Networks

🖧 1️⃣ LAN (Local Area Network)

👉 LAN connects devices in a small area.

Examples:

  • Home

  • School

  • Office

Features:

  • High speed

  • Low cost

  • Private network

🌍 2️⃣ WAN (Wide Area Network)

👉 WAN connects networks over a large distance.

Examples:

  • Country

  • World

  • Internet

Features:

  • Slower than LAN

  • Costly

  • Public network

🌐 3️⃣ Internet

👉 Internet is a global network of networks.

Uses:

  • Email

  • Browsing

  • Online classes

  • Social media

  • Cloud services

🔹 Addressing in Network

🆔 4️⃣ IP Address

👉 IP Address is a unique number given to each device on a network.

Example:

192.168.1.1

Types:

  • IPv4

  • IPv6

Uses:

  • Identify devices

  • Communication

🌍 5️⃣ DNS (Domain Name System)

👉 DNS converts name into IP address.

Example:

google.com → 142.250.190.78

Use:

  • Easy to remember names

🖥️ 6️⃣ MAC Address

👉 MAC Address is a physical address of network card.

Format:

00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E

Features:

  • Unique

  • Fixed

  • Used in LAN

🔹 Difference Between IP & MAC Address

IP AddressMAC Address
Logical addressPhysical address
ChangesFixed
Used in InternetUsed in LAN
Assigned by networkAssigned by manufacturer

🔹 Devices Used in Networking

  • Router

  • Switch

  • Hub

  • Modem

  • Access Point

🔹 Short Notes (Exam Points)

  • LAN is small area network.

  • WAN covers large area.

  • Internet is global network.

  • IP identifies devices.

  • DNS converts name to IP.

  • MAC is hardware address.

🎯 Simple Flow Example

When you type:
👉 www.google.com
DNS finds IP → Router sends request → Server responds → Page opens.

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