User Account Control (UAC) & Permissions

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🔐 User Account Control (UAC) & Permissions

🔹 What is User Account Control (UAC)?

👉 UAC is a Windows security feature that prevents unauthorized changes to the system.

Whenever an app tries to:

  • Install software

  • Change system settings

  • Access protected files

👉 Windows shows a permission popup asking for approval.

🔹 Why UAC is Important?

  • Stops malware

  • Protects system files

  • Prevents accidental changes

  • Requires admin approval

🔹 How UAC Works

  • Normal work runs with limited rights

  • Admin rights only when approved

  • Popup asks: Yes / No

🔹 UAC Levels

Open:

Control Panel → User Accounts → Change UAC settings

Levels:

  • Always Notify

  • Default

  • Notify without dimming

  • Never Notify (Not recommended)

👤 User Accounts in Windows

Windows has different account types.

🔹 Types of Accounts

✅ Administrator

  • Full control

  • Install software

  • Change policies

✅ Standard User

  • Limited control

  • Cannot change system files

✅ Guest

  • Temporary use

  • Very limited

🔑 What are Permissions?

👉 Permissions decide who can read, write, modify, or delete files/folders.

🔹 Common Permissions

  • Read

  • Write

  • Modify

  • Full Control

🗂️ NTFS File Permissions

Set permissions by:

Right Click Folder → Properties → Security → Edit

Controls:

  • Allow / Deny

  • Users / Groups

🔹 Inheritance

👉 Child folders inherit permissions from parent folder.

You can:

  • Disable inheritance

  • Set custom permissions

🔹 Sharing Permissions (Network)

Used for network folders.

Types:

  • Read

  • Change

  • Full Control

🔄 Difference: UAC vs Permissions

UACPermissions
Controls admin actionsControls file access
Popup basedRule based
System levelFile/Folder level
Protects OSProtects data

🔹 Best Practices

✔ Keep UAC enabled
✔ Use Standard user for daily work
✔ Give minimum permissions
✔ Avoid Full Control to everyone
✔ Audit access

📝 Exam Short Notes

  • UAC prevents unauthorized changes.

  • Administrator has full rights.

  • Standard user has limited rights.

  • NTFS permissions control file access.

  • Inheritance passes permissions.

🎯 Simple Example

If a user tries to install software →
UAC popup appears → Admin approval needed → Installation continues.

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