Raj Computre Institute, Rawanwadi

  🌐 Online Fraud, Cyber Bullying & Privacy Protection 🟢 1️⃣ ONLINE FRAUD 📘 Definition Online Fraud is a cybercrime where criminals use the internet to deceive people for financial gain or personal benefit. It involves cheating victims through fake websites, emails, social media, or digital transactions. 📘 Common Types of Online Fraud 1️⃣ Phishing Fraud Fake emails or websites designed to steal login credentials or bank details. 2️⃣ Online Banking Fraud Unauthorized access to bank accounts to steal money. 3️⃣ Credit/Debit Card Fraud Stealing card details for illegal transactions. 4️⃣ UPI Fraud Fraudsters trick victims into approving fake payment requests. 5️⃣ E-commerce Fraud Fake shopping websites or sellers that take money but do not deliver products. 6️⃣ Investment Scam Fake crypto, stock, or trading platforms promising high returns. 7️⃣ Lottery/Prize Scam Fake messages claiming you won a prize and asking for fees. 📘 Techniques Used in Online Fraud...

  📁 Digital Evidence & Chain of Custody 📘 1️⃣ What is Digital Evidence? Digital Evidence is any information stored or transmitted in digital form that can be used in court as proof of a crime. It is collected from: Computers Mobile phones Servers Cloud storage CCTV systems IoT devices 📘 2️⃣ Definition (Exam Ready) Digital Evidence is electronic data that is stored, transmitted, or received in digital form and can be presented in a court of law to prove or disprove a fact in a cyber crime case. 📘 3️⃣ Characteristics of Digital Evidence Digital evidence has special properties: Fragile – Can be easily altered or deleted Volatile – May disappear when power is turned off Duplicable – Exact copies can be made Hidden – May be encrypted or concealed Time-sensitive – Logs may be overwritten 📘 4️⃣ Types of Digital Evidence 🖥️ Computer-Based Evidence Hard disk data System logs Installed programs Deleted files Bro...

  🔍 Cyber Crime Investigation Procedures Cyber Crime Investigation is the systematic process of identifying, collecting, analyzing, and presenting digital evidence to solve cyber crimes. It involves technical skills, legal knowledge, and forensic procedures. 📘 1️⃣ What is Cyber Crime Investigation? Cyber Crime Investigation is the process of investigating crimes committed using computers, networks, or digital devices. Examples: Hacking Online fraud Identity theft Cyber stalking Data breach Financial scams 📘 2️⃣ Objectives of Cyber Crime Investigation Identify the attacker Preserve digital evidence Analyze digital data Recover deleted data Present evidence in court Ensure legal compliance 📘 3️⃣ Steps in Cyber Crime Investigation 🔹 Step 1: Complaint Registration Victim files complaint FIR (First Information Report) is registered Case assigned to cyber crime unit In India, cyber complaints can be filed at: Local p...

  ⚖️ Cyber Laws & Ethics 📜 Overview of Indian IT Act, 2000 🖥️ 1️⃣ What are Cyber Laws? Cyber Laws are laws that deal with: Internet usage Cybercrimes Electronic commerce Data protection Digital signatures Online fraud They provide legal recognition and punishment related to cyber activities. 📘 2️⃣ What is the Information Technology Act, 2000? The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act, 2000) is India’s primary law governing cybercrime and electronic commerce. It was enacted by the Government of India in 2000. 🎯 Purpose: Give legal recognition to electronic transactions Prevent cyber crimes Regulate digital signatures Promote e-commerce 📅 Important Amendments The IT Act was amended in 2008 to include: Stronger cybercrime provisions Data protection rules Cyber terrorism laws 📘 3️⃣ Objectives of IT Act, 2000 Legal recognition of electronic records Legal recognition of digital signatures Facilitate e-comm...

  🔐 Secure Network Design Principles Secure Network Design Principles are guidelines used to design networks that are resilient against cyber attacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access. A secure network is not built after deployment — security must be planned from the beginning. 📘 1. Principle of Least Privilege (PoLP) 📌 Definition Users and systems should be given the minimum access rights necessary to perform their tasks. 🎯 Purpose Reduce attack surface Limit damage if account is compromised ✅ Example Employee should not have admin access Application should not run as root user 📘 2. Defense in Depth 📌 Definition Using multiple layers of security instead of relying on a single security control. 🎯 Layers May Include Firewall IDS/IPS Antivirus Encryption Access control 💡 Concept If one layer fails, others still protect the system. 📘 3. Network Segmentation 📌 Definition Dividing a network into smaller segments (subne...

  📶 Wi-Fi Security & Cracking Basics ⚠️ This topic is explained strictly for educational and defensive cybersecurity purposes . Unauthorized access to Wi-Fi networks is illegal. 📘 1. What is Wi-Fi Security? Wi-Fi Security refers to the protection mechanisms used to secure wireless networks from unauthorized access, data theft, and cyber attacks. Wireless networks are more vulnerable than wired networks because signals travel through air and can be intercepted. 📡 2. Why Wi-Fi Networks Are Vulnerable Signals broadcast openly Weak passwords Outdated encryption Misconfigured routers Rogue access points 🔐 3. Types of Wi-Fi Security Protocols 1️⃣ WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) Oldest security protocol Uses RC4 encryption Weak and easily breakable Not recommended 2️⃣ WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) Improved version of WEP Uses TKIP encryption More secure than WEP Still outdated 3️⃣ WPA2 Uses AES encryption Much stron...

  🔥 Firewall, IDS, IPS Concepts These are essential network security technologies used to protect systems from cyber attacks. 🛡️ 1️⃣ Firewall 📘 What is a Firewall? A Firewall is a network security device (hardware or software) that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. It acts as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks. 🎯 Purpose Block unauthorized access Allow legitimate traffic Protect internal network Prevent external attacks ⚙️ How Firewall Works Firewall checks: IP address Port number Protocol (TCP/UDP) Packet contents (advanced firewalls) If traffic matches allowed rules → permitted If not → blocked 📊 Types of Firewalls 1️⃣ Packet Filtering Firewall Basic filtering Checks IP and port Fast but less secure 2️⃣ Stateful Inspection Firewall Tracks active connections More secure than packet filtering 3️⃣ Proxy Firewall Acts as intermediary ...

  🔐 Securing a Website and Web Server Website and web server security is essential to protect: User data Login credentials Financial transactions Business reputation Security must be implemented at multiple levels: application, server, database, and network. 📘 1. Securing a Website (Application-Level Security) 1️⃣ Input Validation 📌 Why Important? Most attacks (SQL Injection, XSS, CSRF) happen due to improper input validation. ✅ Best Practices: Validate all user inputs Use server-side validation Reject special characters if unnecessary Use allow-list instead of block-list 2️⃣ Use HTTPS (SSL/TLS) 📌 What is HTTPS? HTTPS encrypts communication between browser and server. 🔒 Benefits: Prevents data interception Protects login credentials Improves trust Required for secure transactions Always install a valid SSL/TLS certificate. 3️⃣ Strong Authentication ✅ Implement: Strong password policy Multi-Factor Authentication ...