RAM and ROM types, Keyboard, Mouse, Add-on Cards, Cables and Connectors

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1️⃣ RAM (Random Access Memory) 🧠

Definition: Temporary memory used for running programs and active processes.

Types of RAM:

TypeDescriptionKey Features
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)Needs constant refreshingCheaper, slower
SRAM (Static RAM)Faster, no refresh requiredExpensive, used in cache
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)Syncs with CPU clockFaster than DRAM
DDR (Double Data Rate) RAMTransfers data twice per clock cycleDDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4, DDR5

2️⃣ ROM (Read-Only Memory) 💾

Definition: Non-volatile memory that stores permanent instructions (cannot be easily modified).

Types of ROM:

TypeDescription
PROM (Programmable ROM)Can be programmed once
EPROM (Erasable PROM)Can be erased with UV light & reprogrammed
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)Can be erased electrically & reprogrammed
Mask ROMProgrammed during manufacturing, cannot be modified

3️⃣ Keyboard ⌨️

Definition: Input device used to enter text and commands.

Types:

TypeDescription
Standard KeyboardRegular typing keys, function keys
Ergonomic KeyboardDesigned to reduce strain
Multimedia KeyboardExtra keys for media control, volume, etc.
Wireless KeyboardWorks without cables via Bluetooth/RF

4️⃣ Mouse 🖱️

Definition: Input device used to control cursor and interact with GUI.

Types:

TypeDescription
Mechanical MouseUses a rolling ball for movement
Optical MouseUses LED for precise movement
Laser MouseUses laser for higher accuracy
Wireless MouseWorks without cable (Bluetooth/RF)

5️⃣ Add-on Cards / Expansion Cards 🧩

Definition: Circuit boards that add extra functionality to the computer.

Common Types:

TypePurpose
Graphics Card (GPU)High-end video/graphics processing
Sound CardHigh-quality audio output
Network Card (NIC)Connects to LAN or Internet
TV Tuner CardReceive TV signals on PC
Capture CardRecord video/audio from external devices

6️⃣ Cables and Connectors 🔌

Definition: Hardware used for connecting components and transferring data/power.

Common Cables:

CablePurpose
Power CableSupplies electricity to PC
SATA CableConnects HDD/SSD to motherboard
USB CableConnects peripherals like mouse, keyboard
HDMI / DisplayPort / VGAVideo output to monitor
Ethernet CableNetwork connection (LAN)

Common Connectors:

ConnectorUse
USBInput devices, external drives
HDMI / VGA / DVIMonitors & display devices
RJ45Ethernet networking
Audio Jack (3.5mm)Microphone / Speaker
PCIe / PCI SlotsExpansion cards on motherboard

7️⃣ Quick Summary Table

ComponentFunctionNotes
RAMTemporary memoryVolatile, affects speed
ROMPermanent memoryNon-volatile, stores firmware
KeyboardInput text & commandsWired or wireless
MouseControl cursorMechanical, optical, laser
Add-on CardsExtra functionalityGPU, NIC, Sound, Capture
Cables & ConnectorsConnect & transfer data/powerSATA, USB, HDMI, Ethernet

💡 Tip:

  • RAM = working memory 🧠

  • ROM = permanent instructions 💾

  • Keyboard & Mouse = input devices ⌨️🖱️

  • Add-on Cards = enhance computer capability 🧩

  • Cables & Connectors = link everything together 🔌

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