Study of components: SMPS, Hard Disk, Cabinet, Monitor, RAM, CPU, Motherboard, CD/DVD drive

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1️⃣ SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) ⚡

Function:

  • Converts AC mains voltage to DC voltage required by computer components.

  • Provides stable power to motherboard, drives, and peripherals.

Key Points:

  • Rated in Watts (W) – e.g., 450W, 600W

  • Contains overvoltage and short-circuit protection

2️⃣ Hard Disk Drive (HDD) / Solid State Drive (SSD) 💾

Function:

  • Stores permanent data (OS, software, files).

Key Points:

  • HDD: Magnetic disks, slower, cheaper, larger capacity

  • SSD: Flash memory, faster, more reliable, expensive

  • Measured in GB / TB

3️⃣ Cabinet / Case 🏠

Function:

  • Houses all internal components (motherboard, drives, power supply).

  • Provides protection, airflow, and mounting points.

Key Points:

  • Types: Tower, Mini-Tower, Desktop

  • Includes fans for cooling and slots for expansion

4️⃣ Monitor 🖥️

Function:

  • Displays visual output from the computer.

Key Points:

  • Types: CRT (old), LED, LCD, OLED (modern)

  • Resolution examples: 1920×1080, 2560×1440

  • Input ports: HDMI, VGA, DisplayPort

5️⃣ RAM (Random Access Memory) 🧠

Function:

  • Temporary working memory for running programs.

  • Faster than storage drives but volatile (data lost on power off).

Key Points:

  • Types: DDR3, DDR4, DDR5

  • Capacity: 4GB, 8GB, 16GB, etc.

  • Affects multitasking and system speed

6️⃣ CPU (Central Processing Unit) 🖥️⚡

Function:

  • The brain of the computer – executes instructions and processes data.

Key Points:

  • Measured in GHz (clock speed)

  • Cores: Dual-core, Quad-core, Octa-core

  • Performs arithmetic, logic, control, and I/O operations

7️⃣ Motherboard 🧩

Function:

  • Main circuit board connecting all components: CPU, RAM, drives, peripherals.

Key Points:

  • Contains chipsets, slots, ports, and BIOS/UEFI

  • Provides power distribution, communication, and expansion

8️⃣ CD/DVD Drive / Optical Drive 💿

Function:

  • Reads/writes data on CDs and DVDs.

Key Points:

  • Types: Read-only (CD-ROM), Read/Write (CD-RW, DVD-RW)

  • Becoming less common with USB/SSD storage

  • Useful for media, software installation, backups

9️⃣ Quick Comparison Table 📝

ComponentFunctionKey Note
SMPSProvides powerConverts AC → DC, protects components
Hard Disk / SSDPermanent storageHDD: slower, SSD: faster
CabinetHouses componentsProvides protection & airflow
MonitorDisplays outputLED/LCD/OLED, resolution matters
RAMTemporary memoryVolatile, affects speed & multitasking
CPUProcesses instructionsMeasured in GHz, number of cores
MotherboardConnects all componentsMain PCB with slots & ports
CD/DVD DriveReads/writes discsLess common, media/software use

💡 Tip: Think of it like a human analogy:

  • CPU = Brain 🧠

  • RAM = Short-term memory 🗂️

  • Hard Disk = Long-term memory 💾

  • SMPS = Heart/energy supply ❤️

  • Motherboard = Skeleton/nerve network 🦴

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