Keyloggers and Rootkits

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1️⃣ KEYLOGGERS

Definition

A Keylogger (Keystroke Logger) is a type of spyware that records every keystroke typed on a keyboard and sends the information to an attacker.

It is commonly used to steal passwords, banking details, and confidential information.

How Keyloggers Work

  • Installed secretly on the victim’s computer

  • Runs in the background

  • Records everything typed

  • Sends the recorded data to the attacker via email or remote server

Types of Keyloggers

1. Software Keylogger

  • Installed as a program

  • Records keystrokes through the operating system

  • Most common type

2. Hardware Keylogger

  • Physical device connected between keyboard and CPU

  • Hard to detect

  • Common in cyber cafes or public systems

3. Kernel-level Keylogger

  • Works at operating system level

  • Very difficult to detect

  • Deep system access

4. Browser-based Keylogger

  • Injected into web browsers

  • Steals login credentials

Information Stolen by Keyloggers

  • Passwords

  • Credit card numbers

  • Banking details

  • Chat messages

  • Emails

Symptoms of Keylogger Infection

  • Slow system performance

  • Unusual background processes

  • Unknown files or programs

  • Browser behaving strangely

(However, many keyloggers run silently without obvious symptoms.)

Uses of Keyloggers

Legitimate Uses

  • Parental control

  • Employee monitoring

  • Security testing

Illegal Uses

  • Identity theft

  • Banking fraud

  • Corporate espionage

Prevention from Keyloggers

  • Install trusted antivirus software

  • Use on-screen keyboard for sensitive logins

  • Enable two-factor authentication (2FA)

  • Avoid suspicious downloads

  • Keep OS updated

2️⃣ ROOTKITS

Definition

A Rootkit is a type of malicious software designed to gain unauthorized administrative (root-level) access to a computer system while hiding its presence.

The word “Root” means administrator access, and “Kit” means software tools.

Purpose of Rootkit

  • Hide malware

  • Provide backdoor access

  • Avoid detection by antivirus

  • Control the infected system remotely

How Rootkits Work

  • Installed through Trojan or virus

  • Modifies system files

  • Hides processes, files, and registry entries

  • Prevents detection by security software

Types of Rootkits

1. User-Mode Rootkit

  • Works at application level

  • Easier to detect

2. Kernel-Mode Rootkit

  • Works at operating system level

  • Very dangerous and hard to remove

3. Bootloader Rootkit

  • Infects boot sector

  • Loads before OS starts

4. Firmware Rootkit

  • Infects BIOS or hardware firmware

  • Extremely difficult to remove

Symptoms of Rootkit Infection

  • Antivirus disabled automatically

  • System crashes frequently

  • Unknown network activity

  • Security settings changed automatically

(Note: Rootkits are designed to stay hidden, so symptoms may not be obvious.)

Dangers of Rootkits

  • Complete system control by attacker

  • Data theft

  • Spy activities

  • Installation of other malware

  • Turning computer into botnet

Prevention from Rootkits

  • Install reliable antivirus with rootkit detection

  • Keep operating system updated

  • Avoid downloading cracked software

  • Use firewall

  • Regular system scans

Removal of Rootkits

  • Use specialized rootkit removal tools

  • Boot system in Safe Mode

  • In severe cases, reinstall operating system

  • Format infected drive if necessary

🔥 Difference Between Keylogger and Rootkit

FeatureKeyloggerRootkit
Main PurposeRecord keystrokesHide malware & gain control
Data TheftYesYes
Hides ItselfSometimesYes (Advanced hiding)
Access LevelUser or KernelOften Root/Admin level
Detection DifficultyModerateVery difficult

🛡 Security Best Practices

  • Strong passwords

  • Two-factor authentication

  • Regular backups

  • Updated antivirus

  • Avoid unknown attachments

  • Use secure browsing

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