Website Architecture and Working

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🌐 Website Architecture and Working

📘 1. What is Website Architecture?

Website Architecture refers to the structural design of a website, including:

  • How web pages are organized

  • How components interact

  • How users and servers communicate

  • How data is processed and stored

It defines the framework that makes a website function properly.

📘 2. Basic Components of a Website

A website generally consists of three main parts:

1️⃣ Frontend (Client Side)
2️⃣ Backend (Server Side)
3️⃣ Database

🖥️ 1️⃣ Frontend (Client Side)

📌 Definition

Frontend is the visible part of the website that users interact with.

🔧 Technologies Used

  • HTML (Structure)

  • CSS (Design & Styling)

  • JavaScript (Interactivity)

🎯 Responsibilities

  • Display content

  • Collect user input

  • Send requests to server

  • Show responses from server

🖧 2️⃣ Backend (Server Side)

📌 Definition

Backend is the server-side logic that processes user requests and manages data.

🔧 Technologies Used

  • PHP

  • Python

  • Java

  • Node.js

  • .NET

🎯 Responsibilities

  • Process requests

  • Authenticate users

  • Perform calculations

  • Connect to database

  • Send response back

🗄️ 3️⃣ Database

📌 Definition

Database stores website data permanently.

🔧 Examples

  • MySQL

  • PostgreSQL

  • MongoDB

  • Oracle

🎯 Stores

  • User accounts

  • Passwords (encrypted)

  • Orders

  • Messages

  • Website content

📘 3. How a Website Works (Step-by-Step)

Let’s understand the complete process:

Step 1: User Enters URL

User types website address in browser.

Example:
www.example.com

Step 2: DNS Resolution

Domain Name System converts domain name into IP address.

Step 3: Request Sent to Server

Browser sends HTTP/HTTPS request to web server.

Step 4: Server Processes Request

Server:

  • Runs backend code

  • Fetches data from database

  • Generates response

Step 5: Response Sent to Browser

Server sends HTML, CSS, JS files.

Step 6: Browser Renders Page

Browser displays webpage to user.

🔄 Complete Flow Diagram (Text Format)

User → Browser → DNS → Server → Database → Server → Browser → User

📘 4. Types of Website Architecture

1️⃣ Static Website Architecture

  • Fixed content

  • No database

  • Only HTML & CSS

  • No dynamic changes

Used for:

  • Portfolio websites

  • Simple company pages

2️⃣ Dynamic Website Architecture

  • Content changes dynamically

  • Uses backend & database

  • User login system possible

Used for:

  • E-commerce

  • Social media

  • Banking websites

3️⃣ Three-Tier Architecture

Most common modern architecture:

Tier 1: Presentation Layer (Frontend)

Tier 2: Application Layer (Backend)

Tier 3: Data Layer (Database)

📘 5. Client-Server Model

Websites follow the Client-Server Architecture:

  • Client = User browser

  • Server = Hosting computer

  • Communication via HTTP/HTTPS protocol

📘 6. Web Servers

A Web Server is software that handles HTTP requests.

Examples:

  • Apache

  • Nginx

  • IIS

📘 7. HTTP vs HTTPS

HTTP:

  • Not encrypted

  • Less secure

HTTPS:

  • Encrypted

  • Uses SSL/TLS

  • Secure communication

📘 8. Important Website Components

  • Domain Name

  • Hosting Server

  • SSL Certificate

  • CMS (Content Management System)

  • APIs

  • Load Balancer (for large websites)

📘 9. Modern Website Architecture

Modern websites use:

  • Cloud hosting

  • Microservices

  • REST APIs

  • CDN (Content Delivery Network)

  • Caching systems

📘 10. Example: Login Process Working

  1. User enters username & password

  2. Data sent to server

  3. Server verifies from database

  4. If correct → login successful

  5. Session created

📊 Static vs Dynamic Comparison

Static WebsiteDynamic Website
Fixed contentChangeable content
No databaseUses database
FasterMore interactive
SimpleComplex

🎓 Short Exam Definition

Website Architecture is the structural design of a website that defines how frontend, backend, and database components interact to deliver web content to users.

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