Raj Computre Institute, Rawanwadi

  ⭐ What is System Software? System Software is a type of computer software that manages and controls the hardware components of a computer. It works between hardware and user and helps application software run properly. 👉 It runs in the background 👉 It controls the whole computer 👉 Without system software, a computer cannot work Examples: Operating System, Device Drivers, Utility Programs, Firmware, BIOS ⭐ Types of System Software System software mainly includes the following types: 🔶 1. Operating System (OS) The most important system software. It manages hardware , memory , CPU , files , and applications . ✔ Functions of Operating System Booting the computer Managing files & folders Managing memory (RAM) Managing input/output devices Running applications Ensuring security ✔ Examples Windows (10, 11) Linux (Ubuntu, Fedora) macOS Android iOS 🔶 2. Device Drivers Drivers are programs that help the operating system ...

  ⭐ What is Application Software? Application software is a type of computer program designed to help users perform specific tasks such as writing documents, making presentations, browsing the internet, playing games, editing videos, etc. ✔ It is user-oriented ✔ Runs on top of system software ✔ Makes the computer useful for everyday work Examples: MS Word, Chrome, WhatsApp, Tally, VLC Media Player, Photoshop, Games ⭐ Types of Application Software Application software is mainly divided into two categories : General-Purpose Application Software Special-Purpose / Customized Application Software Let’s learn all types in detail: 🔶 1. General-Purpose Application Software These software are used by a large number of users for common tasks. ✔ Examples: A. Word Processing Software Used for creating documents. Examples: MS Word, Google Docs B. Spreadsheet Software Used for calculations, data analysis. Examples: MS Excel, Google Sheets C. Presentation Software ...

  ⭐ Difference Between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory Primary memory and secondary memory are the two main types of computer memory , each with different functions and characteristics. 🔶 1. Definition Primary Memory Internal memory of the computer. Used by CPU to store data temporarily while the computer is working. Secondary Memory External/permanent memory. Used to store data, files, and software for long-term use. 🔶 2. Nature (Volatility) Primary Memory Volatile → Data is lost when power is off (RAM data disappears). ROM is non-volatile but still part of primary memory. Secondary Memory Non-volatile → Data remains stored even after power is OFF. 🔶 3. Speed Primary Memory Very fast (close to CPU speed). Used for quick access. Secondary Memory Slower than primary memory. Data takes more time to read/write. 🔶 4. Storage Capacity Primary Memory Small capacity (4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB RAM) Secondary Memory ...

  ⭐ COMPUTER MEMORY & STORAGE – Full Information Computer memory is used to store data and instructions temporarily or permanently. Computer memory is divided into two major parts : 🔶 1. Primary Memory (Main Memory) 🔶 2. Secondary Memory (Storage Devices) Let’s understand each in detail: ⭐ 1. PRIMARY MEMORY (Main Memory) Primary memory is the internal memory of the computer. It is fast, expensive, and temporary . ✔ Types of Primary Memory A. RAM (Random Access Memory) Called Volatile Memory (data lost when power off) Stores data temporarily Very fast Used to run programs and OS Types of RAM SRAM (Static RAM) Faster, expensive Used in Cache memory DRAM (Dynamic RAM) Slower, cheaper Used as main RAM in computers Modern RAM Types DDR1 DDR2 DDR3 DDR4 DDR5 (fastest) B. ROM (Read Only Memory) Non-volatile (data not lost after power off) Used to store BIOS & firmware Permanent instructions Type...

  ⭐ What is CPU (Central Processing Unit)? CPU = Central Processing Unit It is called the brain of the computer because it controls all operations and processes all data. CPU performs 3 main functions : Input को पढ़ना (Read data) Processing करना (Process data) Output देना (Give result) ⭐ Parts of CPU / CPU Components CPU mainly has three major units : 1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) Performs mathematical operations : +, −, ×, ÷ Performs logical operations : >, <, =, AND, OR Makes calculations & decisions. 2. CU (Control Unit) Controls all hardware parts Tells memory, ALU, input/output devices what to do Works like a traffic controller 3. Registers Very fast, small memory inside the CPU Stores temporary data during operations ⭐ How CPU Works (Step-by-Step) Fetch – Instruction memory से लेता है Decode – Instruction को समझता है Execute – ALU/CU के through process करता है Store – Result memory में store कर...

  ⭐ What is Computer Hardware? Computer Hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer that you can see and touch . Example: Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, CPU, RAM, Hard Disk, etc. Hardware + Software = Complete Computer System ⭐ Types of Computer Hardware 1. Input Devices (इनपुट डिवाइस) These devices are used to enter data into the computer. Examples Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone Webcam Barcode Reader Joystick Touchscreen 2. Output Devices (आउटपुट डिवाइस) These devices show the results of processed data. Examples Monitor Printer Speaker Headphones Projector Plotter 3. Processing Devices (प्रोसेसिंग डिवाइस) These parts process the data inside the computer. Examples CPU (Central Processing Unit) — Brain of the computer GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) — For gaming/graphics Motherboard — Connects all components 4. Storage Devices (स्टोरेज डिवाइस) Used to store data permanently or tem...

  ⭐ Types of Software and Their Definitions Software is mainly divided into two major categories : 1. System Software (सिस्टम सॉफ्टवेयर) Definition: This software helps the computer to work properly and manages all hardware components. It works in the background. Examples / Types Operating System (OS) – Manages the whole computer Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS, Android Device Drivers – Helps hardware devices work Examples: Printer driver, Graphics driver Utility Software – Maintenance tools Examples: Antivirus, Disk cleaner, File compression tools 2. Application Software (एप्लिकेशन सॉफ्टवेयर) Definition: This software is used by users to perform specific tasks. Examples / Types General Purpose Software Examples: MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Notepad Web Browsers Examples: Chrome, Firefox, Edge Business Software Examples: Tally, ERP software Multimedia Software Examples: VLC, Photoshop Educational Software Examples: Byju’s app, Education...